This is a practical reference for replace old visual html attributes with css and semantics. Keep it nearby when you are writing a page, but do not worry about memorizing every entry at once.
What this reference covers
Replace old visual HTML attributes with CSS and semantics. The entries below summarize the most useful choices and what each one means.
| Value or item | What it means |
|---|---|
align | CSS text-align or layout |
bgcolor | CSS background-color |
border | CSS border |
cellpadding | CSS padding |
cellspacing | CSS border-spacing |
face | CSS font-family |
size on font | CSS font-size |
frameborder | CSS border and supported iframe policies |
See it in HTML
A small example shows how one of these ideas appears in a normal page:
<table class="price-list">
<tr><th>Item</th><td>Cost</td></tr>
</table>How to use the reference
Begin by identifying what the page is trying to achieve. Then choose the entry that describes that job, instead of choosing a setting merely because it looks familiar.
Read the code from the outer element inward. Pay attention to attribute names, tag nesting, and any links between elements through IDs. A browser may accept some incorrect markup, but accepting it is not the same as using it correctly.
A useful check before publishing
Try changing one choice in the example while keeping the rest of the page the same. Inspect the result in your browser. For compatibility-sensitive features, test another browser; for accessibility-sensitive features, use keyboard navigation and an accessibility inspector.
Some entries describe browser hints rather than guarantees. User input still needs server-side validation, and event-based behavior needs JavaScript even if the HTML describes the control.
Legacy warning: Deprecated markup may still display in a browser. That does not make it an appropriate choice for a new website.
Common Beginner Mistakes
- Treating every item in a reference list as interchangeable instead of choosing the one that matches the job.
- Copying reference markup without checking the element’s surrounding context or required attributes.
- Assuming one successful browser test proves the markup is accessible or universally supported.
Key Takeaways
- Replace old visual HTML attributes with CSS and semantics.
- Pick a setting for its meaning, then test the smallest working example.
- HTML references are most useful when combined with validation, browser inspection, and accessibility testing.