Using PHP with Nginx and PHP-FPM

Nginx serves static assets and passes PHP scripts to FPM with safe FastCGI parameters.

What It Does and When to Use It

Route PHP through a correctly configured web-server-to-FPM boundary. The web server handles HTTP, the PHP worker executes scripts, and CLI has separate configuration and lifecycle.

Requirements, Inputs and Expected Behavior

Confirm the runtime, extension, environment variables, and permissions before running the examples in production. Restrict executable scripts to trusted entry points and do not use unchecked SCRIPT_FILENAME construction.

Example 1: Basic Operation

Route PHP through a correctly configured web-server-to-FPM boundary.

location ~ \.php$ {
 try_files $uri =404;
 include fastcgi_params;
 fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
 fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.4-fpm.sock;
}

Example 2: Behavior and Validation

Verify web execution and distinguish PHP-FPM from PHP CLI.

<?php
header('Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8');
echo 'Running PHP ',PHP_VERSION,' via ',PHP_SAPI;

Practical Example: Application Use

Inspect the HTTP response and the worker service before investigating application code.

curl -sSI http://localhost/
php --ini
sudo systemctl status php8.4-fpm --no-pager

Important Behavior and Edge Cases

The second example highlights: Verify web execution and distinguish PHP-FPM from PHP CLI. The practical example adds: Inspect the HTTP response and the worker service before investigating application code.

Comparison with Related Approaches

Common Beginner Mistakes

Key Takeaways

• Nginx serves static assets and passes PHP scripts to FPM with safe FastCGI parameters.
• Inspect the HTTP response and the worker service before investigating application code.
• Check the effective configuration in the SAPI serving requests before changing production.